## Henry Sidgwick - axiom of justice (‘whatever action any of us judges to be right for himself, he implicitly judges to be right for all similar persons in similar circumstances’) - axiom of prudence (‘a smaller present good is not to be preferred to a greater future good’) - an axiom of benevolence (‘each one is morally bound to regard the good of any other individual as much as his own, except in so far as he judges it to be less, when impartially viewed, or less certainly knowable or attainable by him’) ## Peter Singer - Our normative judgments must be coherent and consistent - Normative judgments must be universalizable, and indeed universalizable in a special sense that means that we must be prepared to hold them after putting ourselves in the position of—and taking on the preferences of—all those affected by our actions. ## Rene Descartes - Cogito ergo sum ## Various - Various axioms of logic - Transitivity - Welfare discount rate should be zero. -